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[Shinjiro’s Explanatory Notes]
1) I
broke the text into sections and numbered them following the Japanese
standard text, the Nippon Kanpo
Kyokai
Edition.
2) The words in [] are Shinjiro’s notes, not in the original text.
3) The words in () are added by Shinjiro to facilitate comprehension in
English.
4) The words in {} are notes in small characters in the original texts.
Huan-di Nei-jing Su-wen Chapter 31
The Catechisms on Fever Part
(熱論篇Re Lun Pian)
Yellow Emperor asked (Qi-bo), saying,
“Generally speaking, the febrile diseases we see today all
belong to a type of Shang-han (harmful cold). Some are healed
but some die. Those who die all die within six or seven days.
Those who are healed all healed within ten days. What is going
on? I do not know the answer. Please let me hear the reason.”
Qi-bo answered Emperor, “Giant Yang1 (ju yang) (is the one that) all
Yang (veins) belong to. The vein (mai)2 (of Tai-yang) connects to
Feng-fu (GV16). That is why Qi (of the Tai-yang Vein) is the chief
Qi of the all Yang (Veins). When the person is harmed (shang) by the
Cold (han), the disease causes fever (re). Even when fever is
severe, the person would not die. Even though, when the person’s
both (Yin and Yang) are affected by the Cold and causes the illness,
then the person dies without a fail, being unable to avoid it.”
Shinjiro's Notes
1: Giant Yang: ju yang: Bladder Meridian. This term appears 11 times
in Su-wen, but 0
time in Lin-xu. The word “tai” of
Tai-yang means “very big, thick, and beginning, ” thus the character
“ju (giant)” is used. Even so, in the six Warps (jing), “Tai-yang”
means “the beginning Yang.” Some believes that according to
Su-wen, Tai-yang Warp (jing) is in charge of Surface (biao),
but Su-wen and Lin-xu never mention it in any
chapter.
2: Vein (mai): Habitually translated as “meridian,” “channel” or
“vessel.” The Chinese word “mai” also means “pulse.” This word “mai”
first appears in Chapter 5 Section 7 of Su-wen. There is no
explanation what “mai” is there. The second appearance is as “jing
mai (warp vein)” in the same chapter Section 8, and there is an
explanation: Yellow Emperor says, “I heard that the ancient saints
explained the human body distinguishing Zang-fu organs, and tips and
connections of “jing mai” which runs through whole body.” The word
“jing’ habitually translated as “meridian,” “channel,” and “vessel,”
too. This word actually means a “warp” of a loom, which gives an
image of a straight thread. Thus, Su-wen gives us the idea of the
orbit of the Qi flow with the images combining a warp of loom and a
vein of blood.
Emperor asked, “Please let me hear its symptoms.”
Qi-bo answered, “On
the first day of Shang-han (harmful cold), the Giant Yang (Vein)
receives it. That is why the head and the nape (will have) pain and
the lumbar and the back will contract (qiang). On the second day,
the Yang-ming (Vein)1 receives it. The Yang-ming (Vein) takes in
charge of meat (rou). The (Yang-ming) Veins pass both sides of the
nose and connect the eyes. That is why (when Shang-han causes fever)
the body heats up, while the eyes ache and the nose dries. (The
person) cannot lie (in the bed). On the third day, the Shao-yang
(Vein)2 receives it. The Shao-yang (Vein) takes in charge of
Gallbladder (tan). The Vein goes around (xun) the flank (xie) and
connects the ear. That is why (when Shang-han causes fever), the
chest aches, while the ear deafens.
When
all of these three Yang Warp Veins (jing mai) receive the illness
and the illness goes into the Zang organs3, (you should) sweat (the
person), then (the illness) stops.
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1: Yang-ming: Stomach Meridian: Habitually translated as “brighter
Yang,” but it is a mistranslation. The word “ming” has a meaning of
“bright,” but in Chinese “brighter Yang” has to be “ming-yang,” not
“Yang-ming.” Here the word “ming” should mean “clearly, or
obviously.” Thus “Yang-ming” should be translated as “Yang clearly.”
2: Shao-yang: less Yang: Gallbladder Meridian:
Be aware of the order of 3 Yang Warps here are Tai-yang, Yang-ming
and Shao-yang. Tai-yang
3: Zang organs: In the copy of this section in the Zhen Jiu Jia-yi
Jing, written by Huang-fu Mi between 250 and 260, this character is
Fu viscera.
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On the fourth day, the Tai-yin (Vein)1 receives the illness. The
Tai-yin Vein distributes itself inside of the Stomach (wei), and
connects the throat (yi). That is why (when Shang-han causes fever)
(the person feels) the abdominal fullness and the throat dryness. On
the fifth day, the Shao-yin (Vein)2 receives the illness. The Shao-yin
Vein runs through the Kidneys (shen) and connects the Lungs (fei)
and then twines around the tongue (she). That is why (when Shang-han
causes fever) the mouth becomes dry and the tongue becomes dry,
while causing thirst. On the sixth day, the Jue-yin (Vein)3 receives
it. The Jue-yin Vein circulates the genitals (yin-qi) and connects
to the Liver (gan). That is why (when Shang-han causes fever) (the
person will have) anxiety (fan)4 and fullness (man), while his
scrotums (nang) shrink.
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1: Tai-yin Vein: Beginning Yin: Spleen Meridian:
2:Shao-yin Vein: less Yin: Kidney Meridian:
3: Jue-yin Vein: Habitually translated as “reverting yin.” In the
Su-wen Chapter 74, it explains Jue-yin as “Both Yins intersect and
terminate. So I take “Terminal yin”: Liver Meridian:
4: anxiety (fan): Some translates vexation.
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When three Yin and three Yang (Veins) with Five Zang Six Fu organs
all receive the illness (bing), Rong (prosperous) and Wei (guarding)
(both Qi unable) to circulate (xing). Five Zang organs do not
communicate (tong), (thus) the death (will be resulted). When Yin
and Yang both are not infected (gan) by Cold (han) together, then
the illness of Ju-yang (giant Yang) (Vein) will be weakened in the
seventh day, the headache will be a little bit better. On the eighth
day, the illness of Yang-ming (Vein) will be weakened, and fever of
the body will be better a little bit. On the ninth day, the illness
of Shao-yang (Vein) will be weakened, and deafness of the ears
becomes less and enables to hear. On the tenth day, the illness of
the Tai-yin (Vein) will be weakened, and the stomach decreases
swelling as a normal (person), and appetite will come back. On the
eleventh day, the illness of Shao-yin (Vein) will be weakened, and
thirst stops while abdominal swelling stops. Dryness of the tongue
stops and saliva comes back. On the twelfth day, the illness of Jue-yin
(Vein) will be weakened, and scrotums loosen themselves, and
(fullness of) the lower abdomen (shao fu)1 becomes lowered slightly,
and large Qi (da Qi)2 leaves (the body) entirely. The illness will
be cleared day by day.”
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1: shao fu: lesser abdomen. In TCM, it explains this word as the
lower flank, distinguishing it from shao fu, the small abdomen. In
Japanes Kanpo,the both small and lesser shao fu are considered as
the lower abdomen.
2: da Qi: Generally it is considered as “Evil Qi.” Then why they did
not use the word “Evil Qi” here?
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Emperor said, “Good. How do you treat the after effect (yi)?”
Qi-bo answered, "Find out whether being Void or Repletion, and
regulate patient’s adverse (ni cong) to the proper order, then it
will be stopped without a failure.”
Emperor asked "When the patient suffers from fever, what should be
forbidden?"
Qi-bo answers "When the patient who suffers from fever is getting
better a little bid, if he/she eats meat, the fever will be back. If
he/she eats a lot, it will cause an after effect. This should be
forbidden."
Emperor asks, "What type of the pulse and the symptom (bing xing)
does the patient with a disease which affects both Yin and Yang (liang
gan) by Cold (han) show?"
Qi-bo answers, "The patient with both Yin and Yang affected by the
Cold will suffer on the first day of the illenss the Giant Yang and
Shao-yin (vessells). Thus, he/she will have headache, dry mouth, and
anxiety with fullness of the chest (han man).On the second day,
he/she will suffer the Yang-ming and Tai-yin both (vessels). Thus,
he/she will have abdominal boating, with body fever, loose appetite
and talking in delirium. On the third day, he/she will suffer Shao-yang
and Jue-yin both (vessels). Thus he/she will have deafness, with a
shrinking scrotum, then Jue (flushing). Even thin rice gruel (shui
jiang) cannot pass the throat. He/she wont recognize other person,
and dies in the sixth day."
Emperor asks, "When the Five Zang organs have been injured already,
and the Six Fu viscera do not communicate (tong) each other,
Prosperous (rong) and Guarding (wei) (Qi) do not circulate. In such
a condition, after three days, the patient will pass away. Why?"
Qi-bo answers, "The Yang-ming (vein) is the chief of the twelve
Warp-Veins (jing mai). Blood (xue) and Qi of this vein are Thriving
(cheng). Thus, if the patient cannot recognize the other person
three days, it means Qi (of the Yang-ming Vein) has been exhausted (jin).
Thus, he/she will die.
Generally in the case of the patient being suffered from Shang-han
(harmful cold), and his/her illness becomes warm (wen), if it
happens before the summer solstice, it will be Wen-bing (warm
diseases), and if it happens after the summer solstice, it will be
Shu (heat disease). If it is Shu (heat), you have to sweat the
patient. Do not stop before all sweats come out."
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Chapter 31 End}
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